Chronology of Asian maritime history Abbreviated references in text; fuller references at foot. Some entries have precise dates, some have a range, and some are approximate. CE. No such list can be definitive. Apart from many omissions. Not all of. this information is reliable - but a few decades ago, perhaps very little of.
Euro- centric. and archaeological discoveries since then have so often validated or exceeded. There is an extraordinary. Asian and Middle Eastern languages not directly. Also, the combination of snippets of varying quality, and. Sources are of very variable quality - sometimes tertiary. The intention is to improve references over time, to the original.
All errors are the. Claire Barnes. Contributions and suggestions are welcome. Names of discovered shipwrecks are highlighted in. Italicised names without quotation marks are the original names of the. Avondster). Italicised names in quotation marks are.
Turiang'). Place names. Hoi An. wreck), and are the names by which the specific wrecks are generally known (if. Hoi An, they will doubtless be given other reference.
Book of the End. Like everything, the present universe will also come to an end, and it is a part of our faith to believe in the Last Day. The signs of the Day of Judgment have been foretold by our Prophet (S). Ibn Kathir has. In 1744, Muhammad ibn Abdel Wahhab formed an alliance with Muhammad ibn Saud, the ruler of the nearby town of Diriyah. Ibn Saud then set out to conquer the surrounding region with the goal of bringing it under the rule of a. 'A Chicken in Every Pot' This famous USA political campaign slogan originated in 16th century France. It is attributed to Henri IV. The promise remains constant. Prosperity means having the pleasure of good food in sufficient.
Events with date ranges are entered towards the later end of the range. BCE: Humans settled in Australia, after crossing open sea. Peter Bellwood, 'Ancient seafarers', Archaeology. Vol. 5. 0 No. 2, Mar/Apr 1. BCE: Neolithic dugout boats and wooden paddles have been excavated.
Introduction This is an on-going project to compile an annotated list of all the important travelers on the Silk Road. The travels are arranged in chronological order. Each entry will include a brief description. Asian maritime & trade chronology to 1700 CE. Abbreviated references in text; fuller references at foot of page. Some entries have precise dates, some have a range, and some are approximate - so the ordering is also. Mapunbwe Hill, whose material culture and customs and traditions within South African African Historiography should be grouped with the South African Negroid spectrum of peoples. Statue from a modern monument to Zheng He at the Stadthuys Museum in Malacca City, Malaysia. September 28, 2012. Interfaith 9/11 Picnic in San Jose Affirms Need for Unity; President Obama Urged to Hold Summit on Religious Tolerance; Church of the Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Generator for Saba Home; Shura. Early seventeenth century Chinese woodblock print, thought to represent Zheng He's ships.
Hemudu and Xiaoshan in China's Zhejiang province. A Neolithic wooden oar and possible. BCE have been excavated in Changnyeong, South. Korea. A wooden oar dated c. BCE has been found in Japan.
Neolithic maritime. Japan and the Korean peninsula has been mooted. Hemudu boats & paddles - c. BCE per Quanzhou museum.
Xiaoshan boat - http: //china. Korean & Japanese finds - http: //www.
BCE: Cowry shells (Cypraea moneta) were used for money. China's Gansu province (far inland). Guangzhou museum caption. BCE: Australia, which had been isolated after the initial human settlement. India, coinciding with sudden changes.
Holocene- gene- flow_India- Australia. Xia dynasty - c. 2.
BCE: Multi- planked boats were developed in China. Quanzhou museum caption. C1. 1th BCE: After collapse of the Shang dynasty, Chinese general You. Houxi led 2. 50,0. South Pacific and the Americas.
Quanzhou museum caption.'A Link Between Chinese and American Cultures? The Olmec and the Shang'. Sinorama magazine, Vol.
May 1. 99. 7, http: //www. ABC2. 00. 0/abc. 20. The Olmecs and the Shang: a summary. Chavin of Peru started making bronze jaguars similar.
Shang bronze tigers: Louise Levathes, When China ruled the seas, p. Garry Tee, 'Evidence of the Chinese origin of the jaguar motif in Chavin. Asian Perspectives 2. Chinese and other explorers with America by the Northern. Archaeology Group (UK): http: //www. DOCUMENTS/ISS1. 4_1.
JAN2. 00. 0/ISS1. JAN2. 00. 0. htm. Pre- Columbian%2. Contact. pdf. C1. BCE: King Solomon of Israel and King Hiram of Tyre sent ships from. Ezion- geber on the Red Sea (near Eilat/Aqaba) to Ophir (probably in India). Every three years the ships brought gold, silver, precious stones, almug trees.
The Bible, I. Kings, 9: 2. BCE: Obsidian tools found at Bukit Tengkorak in Sabah. Papua New Guinea, 3. Stephen Chia, The obsidian industry at. Bukit Tengkorak, Sabah, Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2. The_obsidian_industry_at_Bukit_Tengkorak_Sabah_Malaysia.
Stephen Chia, 'Prehistoric sites and research in Semporna, Sabah, Malaysia'. Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology Vol. ISSN 1. 86. 4- 6. BCE: Cowry shells were still in use in the middle of the Western. Zhou dynasty; they have been excavated at Rujiazhuang, Baoji (west of Xi'an.
Gansu). Shaanxi Provincial Museum, Xi'an, artefacts. BCE: Various vessels had been developed for battles on inland waters. Chinese states of Wu and Chu. One type was 2. 4 metres long and carried. Tang Zhiba, 'The influence of the sail on the. Yuan Kang, 'Yue Jue Shu'. Lost records of the State of Yue') [in Chinese, East Han dynasty].
BCE: 'Qi Jinggong, king of Qi [on the coast of Shandong province]. BCE, had a joyful tour at sea for six months.'Ma Xiangyong, 'Xu Fu, one of the navigation.
Talk of Tortuosity, Remonstrant Piece'. Chinese, Han dynasty]. BCE: Fu Chai, king of Wu, commanded his navy 'to fight Qi from the. Ma Xiangyong, 'Xu Fu, one of the navigation.
BCE: Babylonians sailed to the South China Sea. Meanwhile, Chinese. Greece by sea. G'zhou Mar. Silk Rd 2. 00. 1, p. C4th BCE: A lodestone compass was mentioned in the Chinese Book of.
Devil Valley Master, 'they carry a south- pointer with them so as not. Robert Temple, The Genius of China (from. Needham), p. 1. 51. BCE: The Periplus (pilot book) of Niarchus, an officer of Alexander. Great, describes the Persian coast. Niarchus commissioned thirty oared galleys.
Alexander the Great from northwest India back to. Mesopotamia, via the Persian Gulf and the Tigris, an established commercial. Kenneth Hall, Maritime trade and state development. Southeast Asia, p. Alexander's officer Onesicrities sailed southwards, and later descriptions. Taprobane (Sri Lanka). A. Denis N. Fernando, http: //www.
BCE: Eratosthenes, the librarian at Alexandria, drew a map which. Sri Lanka and the mouth of the Ganges. BCE: The Mauryan emperor Chandragupta established a naval. Kautilya's Arthasastra; http: //indiannavy. Qin [- 2. 21 BCE]: the Southern Yue people, in the vicinity of Guangzhou. By the time of the Nanyue kingdom (2. BCE), Guangzhou was an established.
G'zhou Mar. Silk Rd 2. BCE: The first emperor of China, Qin Shihuangdi, toured Eastern. China by ship, both on rivers and along the coast. He also despatched Xu Fu. The. emperor died later that year.
History is entangled in legend; Xu Fu may have. Japan, with significant cultural implications, and may have become.
Japanese emperor. Ma Xiangyong, 'Xu Fu, one of the navigation. Si Maqian, 'Shi Ji' (Historical record).
Chinese, Han dynasty] on the departure of Xu Fu. C3rd BCE: Arikamedu on the Coromandel coast of India had trade. Mediterranean. S.
Suresh, Arikamedu: its place in the Ancient. Rome - India contacts, as reviewed by Sila Tripati: http: //drs. Man_Environ_3. 3_%2.
Plan of the Qin dynasty shipyard site. Guangzhou. Qin dynasty [2. BCE]: A shipyard site found at Zhongshansilu in.
Guangzhou, with Qin coins among the artefacts, is estimated to have built ships. Maritime Silk Route 1. BCE: Han regime imposed trade sanctions and blocked the supply of.
Nanyue. Museum of the Nanyue king, 1. BCE: King Zhao Mo of Nanyue died. His tomb in Guangzhou contains. African ivory, and a silver box from Persia.
Museum of the Nanyue king, 1. BCE: Ptolemy VIII appointed Eudoxus of Cyzicus to lead a voyage from Egypt. India, guided by an Indian who had been shipwrecked in Egypt. Eudoxus returned with perfumes. On a second voyage, Eudoxus was himself blown off course to Ethiopia.
Gades (Cadiz) by. Africa. He later sailed from Gades down the west coast of Africa in an.
On the voyages of Eudoxus or shortly. BCE), a Greek named Hippalus started to sail to India with the monsoon winds and the. Between 1. 10 and 5. BC, four Egyptian inscriptions. Ptolemaic officers 'in charge of the Red and Indian seas'.
George Hourani, Arab seafaring, p. Strabo's Geography II: 3. Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/2. C*. html#3. 4. http: //en. Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus. BCE: The Han emperor Wudi sent a fleet with 1. Guangzhou. Tang Zhiba, 'The influence of the sail on the.
Ban Gu, 'Han Shu' ('History. Han dynasty'), the life of Emperor Wudi [in Chinese, East Han dynasty].
BCE: Wudi, who had already conquered Zhejiang and Fujian and moved. Nanyue kingdom (which had. Guangdong, Guanxi, and north Vietnam).
Ann Paludan, Chronicle of the Chinese emperors. Emperor Wudi sent envoys to Southeast Asia and the Persian Gulf (as well as. Central Asia); the seafarers returned with coral from West.
Asia, plus tortoiseshell and rhinoceros horn. G'zhou Museum Annex, Feb 2. C1st BCE: A blue glass bowl excavated in a Han tomb in Guangzhou is. Roman, made on the southern shores of the Mediterranean in the C1st.
BCE. Maritime Silk Route 1. The Chinese were impressed by Roman glass, and started to import not just finished. Import dependence was unsatisfactory, and the south coast glass industry waned. Even the knowhow was eventually lost, but a separate glass industry later developed. India during the reign of Wei emperor Shizu. CE). Shen Fuwei, Cultural flow between China and.
C3rd Guang Zhi on the maritime. Rome via India, Sri Lanka and Cambodia to China, The Periplus. Erythraean Sea on the export of 'crude glass' to the East, and Wei. Shu (History of the Wei dynasty) on the Indian technology transfer. Pingcheng (Datong). Official relations were established between Japan and Han China, after the establishment. Han's Lelung Jun command near.
Pyongyang in 1. 08 BCE. Fukuoka City Museum caption. BCE: Augustus Caesar sent an army to capture Aden. Thereafter, the. Romans opened sea routes to India, where they could buy Chinese silk, bypassing.
Persians and Arabs who previously. An Indian delegation had visited Augustus in 2. BCE (and. another in 2.
BCE). Shen Fuwei, Cultural flow between China and. Indian delegations: Kenneth Hall, Maritime trade and state development in. Southeast Asia, p. R. E. M. Wheeler, 'Arikamedu: an Indo- Roman. India', Ancient India 2 (1.
CE: During the reign of [boy emperor] Pingdi, Chinese officials. South Asian countries to 'spread the power and virtue'. Han Emperor and search for precious objects. Prof W. I. Siriweera. CE: A rhinoceros was offered to the Chinese emperor by Huangzhi, identified. Kanchipura (Conjeveram) in southeast India. Yoshiaki Ishizawa, 'Chinese chronicles of C1st- 5th.
AD Funan', p. 1. 1, citing Hanshu vol. Pingdiji. early C1st CE: Strabo described the expansion of Asian trade under. Roman emperor Augustus (2. BCE- 1. 4CE); previously 2.
Red Sea into the Indian ocean; now ships were departing in convoys of 1. Red Sea port of Myos Hormos alone.
Kenneth Hall, Maritime trade and state development. Southeast Asia, p. Horace Jones, transl, The Geography. Strabo, Cambridge, 1. CE: Chinese emperor Wang Mang died, after amassing a vast percentage. Rome, where emperor.